The Early Businesses of Historic Cooksville: 1840s-1960s

    After the arrival of the Cooks in 1840, the village they founded soon experienced an early boom in business creation and in new settlers. However, Cooksville would later slowly decline as the new railroads that replaced the old stagecoach routes in southern Wisconsin by-passed the village. 
    But the good news is that this downturn in growth slowed new construction in the village, which helped preserve many of the oldest buildings that now comprise the Cooksville Historic District.
    Over the years, early U.S. census listings, business directories, and Rock County histories in the Cooksville Archives collections provide a historical record of the various non-farming business operations in the village and in nearby Porter Township. These early entrepreneurial listings, complete or incomplete, date from the 1850s to the 1920s.

Painting of the old Cooksville Mill on the Bad Fish Creek by Leila Dow

1842
Cooksville’s first full-fledged commercial enterprise opened in 1842. This was the Cook brothers sawmill, later a grist mill, on the Bad Fish Creek.

Announcing Chamber's Store at Cooks Mill, 1845

1845
In the fall of 1845, John D. Chambers, who had arrived in Janesville earlier in the year, came to Cooksville to open a branch store in the village.  The location of this first store was on the southeast corner of what came to named Main and Dane Streets, across from the present extant historic General Store. (Chambers’ original store building stood until about 1902.)

Ownership of the Cooks Town Store changes hands in 1846

Cookstown in 1848: a newspaper clipping describing its early growth.

Near the northeast corner of those same streets where Chamber's Store once stood, a prominent village commercial building owned by John Van Vleck was built in which James Van Patten operated a meat market. The building,  built about 1845, later became known as Van Vleck’s Hall or the Cooksville Opera House when in 1867 Van Vleck enlarged the building by adding a second story hall used for music, lectures and programs. A variety of businesses operated on the first floor over the years until the building—with the Opera House— burned down in 1893.

    The present Cooksville General Store was built about 1847 and was operated by Earle Woodbury, who eventually leased the second floor to the newly organized Masonic Lodge.Then, in 1864, the Masons purchased the building and expanded it with the store remaining on the first floor.

Cooksville General Store, c.1940s

1850
The U.S. Census in 1850 counted the following non-farm employed individual occupations in Porter Township, most in or near Cooksville: eight carpenters, five blacksmiths, five merchants, two wagon makers, two hotel keepers, two physicians, one miller, one potter, one painter and one tailor. Business was booming, with two doctor in residence.
     The two physicians in the 1850 listing were probably Dr. William Blackman who practiced from 1848 to 1855 and Dr. Roswell Van Buren who practiced from 1856 to 1862.
     In 1866, a Dr. Roberts moved in, inspiring a local letter-writer to comment to the Evansville newspaper: “Cooksville, though it is not a Rail Road town, but it can boast of a fine healthy location. Doctors have always starved out, unless they had some other means of living besides pill peddling. Doctor Roberts has just moved in, may prove an exception, for he is a young man of much ability and with energy enough to take long rides to hunt up the sick ones, may succeed.”

Partial list of Physician's Charges in 1849

Waucoma House, 1850: Cooksville's stagecoach hotel and tavern, where the  two hotel keepers listed in the 1850 census worked. Drawing based on an old sketch.

Cooksville’s many blacksmith shops, indispensable in their time, operated in various locations and for various lengths of time, although in some cases the records are not clear as to their exact locations or durations. 
    With their red-hot forges and anvils, these small blacksmith shops were all-around repair and manufacturing businesses for farm equipment, wagons and carriages, horse shoes, household items and metal objects of every kind. A couple shops served this purpose on into the 20^th century.

Robertson's Blacksmith Shop

1856
In the 1856 History of Rock County, the list of businesses for “Cooksville” (and its larger next-door neighbor, “Waucoma”) included a sawmill-gristmill operation, the Waucoma House stagecoach hotel and tavern, a sash and door factory, three general merchant stores, one blacksmith shop, two brickyards, a wagon shop, a cabinet shop, a tailor shop, two shoe shops, a post office, the Waucoma Academy school, and several carpenters. (The regular Cooksville School was also operating.)

The Van Vleck Farm Implement Factory, the first in Wisconsin, manufactured corn planters, among other items. Demolished in 1928.

1875
A business directory from 1875 listed two general store operators, two grocers, a wagon maker, a builder, a blacksmith, a flour mill operator, a corn planter manufacturer, a postmaster and a new cheese factory. The population was numbered at 150, with daily mail service. 

The Cooksville Cheese Factory built in 1875 was designed as a house, also.

A newspaper article mentioned a tin shop was operating by 1879. James Fairgrieve, operator of the tin shop, had gained notice in the Janesville Daily Recorder early in 1879, when the newspaper’s Cooksville correspondent reported, “This ‘burg’ is putting on metropolitan airs with four street lamps. Mr. James Fairgreeves (sic), our tinner, has displayed both taste and skill, besides a generous gift of a fine street lamp, and the same has been put in position at the corner of the church by B. S, Hoxie.”  
    Praise was also given to Fairgrieve’s shop, where “everything is as neat as a pin” and where Fairgrieve could do “everything in his line, from a birdcage to the roofing of a building” and “can make anything you want, even to a hanging chandelier.”
   In 1880, Cooksville had a new resident physician, Dr. Charles Culver, but he soon moved on, as other doctors did, because, as the local newspaper reported, “This vicinity cannot support a doctor, it is too healthy.”

1891
The businesses listed in 1891 were a blacksmith, a postmaster, a flour mill, two general stores, a corn planter manufacturer, a carpenter, a broom manufacturer, a justice, and a music teacher.  Elsewhere the records mention that the Waucoma House was still operating as a stagecoach stop, and a tin shop and a harness-maker were also still in business..
    In 1891, the Evansville newspaper reported, “Mr. Spencer, the harness-maker, is drove with work and the reason why is that he always does a better job for a man than he agrees to, and in more than one instance the farmer has made him a present so well earned and merited. We are glad to note the prosperity of honest workmen in any capacity.” (But two years, later in 1893, Spencer moved with his family to northern Wisconsin.)

1894
According to a notice in the Wisconsin Tobacco Reporter of Edgerton, five blacksmith shops were in operation in Cooksville in 1894, probably not all at the same time. The population remained about 150.

Robertson's blacksmith shop c. 1930

1904

By 1904, the non-farm business listing was getting shorter: an agriculture implements factory, a meat market, a grocer, a general store, a blacksmith, and a postmaster. Population was about 100. (The official post office had ceased operations in 1903 but mail was probably still dropped off from Evansville by horse and buggy.)

A 1914 Cooksville Store ad.

1920
A directory from 1920 listed just a grocery store and no other official businesses. Other information indicates at least one “repair shop” remained with one smithy still operating it. The directory listed no population figure, but no doubt it had declined also.
    Businesses had almost disappeared. The early settlers had retired or passed on. The younger generation was moving to larger, nearby communities; some took over the area’s expanding farming businesses.
    The old Village of Cooksville (including its larger, next-door village of Waucoma) began resting on its pioneering laurels of the many early, sturdy homesteads and on the old general store, the one-room schoolhouse on the Public Square, the old cemetery, and the two 19^thcentury churches, all with their charming historic character. 

The Cooksville Schoolhouse, built in 1886, with the "Waucoma" side of the Wisconsin Historical Marker.

The name of Cooksville was unofficially adopted for the two villages, apparently because the last official U.S. post office, which had operated out of various politically-favored local stores, had been located in the old Cooksville General Store, which was on the Cooksville side of Main Street. 

    The two villages became one and took on a new, quieter, slower life as the 20^th century progressed, with many older residents and some summer residents.  Electricity arrived in 1917, with few immediate customers. (Previously, the flowing Badfish Creek provided the needed power for the gristmill, and one horse walking in a circle powered the old farm implement factory.)
    Some small businesses continued to operate in the early 1900s. They were the old General Store, a smithy’s repair shop, a summer ice-cream shop. A couple small grocers came and went, some serving their merchandise to villagers from the front rooms of their homes (the Collins House, the Cook House). And the Cooksville Schoolhouse continued its educational and community mission with a variety of teachers, until the consolidation of rural school districts in 1961.
    But an important “economic-related” cultural event quietly occurred in 1911. Ralph Lorenzo Warner purchased the village’s old Duncan House, located next to his friend Susan Porter’s house. Warner turned the old house and yard into a showcase of 19^th century American life with period furnishings and decorative arts and with an extensive period flower and vegetable garden to stroll through. 

Ralph L. Warner (1875-1941)

Warner’s unusual efforts attracted curious visitors who admired his antiquarian creations. He soon began serving his (paying) guests lunches and dinners and entertained them with piano music in his antique-filled home. Warner named his life’s project the “House Next Door” and he quickly garnered local, state and national notoriety for his unique “business” of celebrating American history. And his success attracted the attention of other like-minded preservationists and admirers to his adopted historic village of Cooksville, proving that preserving historic properties can bring attention—and business—to communities.


By the mid-20th century Cooksville had managed to attract a few new small businesses: a welding and repair shop, an arts and crafts store, a popular snack shop, and­­­­ an antique shop. The General Store remained in business. 

The Cooksville Welding & Repair Shop, located next to the old Store, was opened in 1956 by Charles Gilbert. His business was to “do wrought-iron, custom-built if you like, ornamental porch posts and railings.”
    Marvin Raney operated two small businesses. The first was the “Cooksville House” located in the Duncan House barn in the 1950s selling local arts and crafts.

Raney’s larger antique store, the “Only Yesterday Shop,” was opened a few years later in the Granary on the historic Joseph Porter Farm east of the village.
    Also, in the 1950s, the Ortman family opened their famous “Snack Shop” on Main Street north of the General Store in Cooksville.

The Ortman family "Snack Shop" with Sharon Ortman at work.

Then in the 1960s, George and Eunice Mattakat opened their “Red Door Antique Shop” in the historic Cook House. 

Eunice and George Mattakat in their "Red Door Antique Shop."

By then, the Village of Cooksville had evolved into a quiet life style, that of a small, rural, well-preserved historic community, which was becoming known as “the Town that Time Forgot” and as a “Wee Bit of New England in Wisconsin.”

     [The information and images are from the Cooksville Archives, maintained by the  Historic Cooksville Trust, Inc., which welcomes donations. Contact Larry Reed at (608) 873-5066.] 

New Donations: Cooksville‘s Morgan Family Music & School Books

Joe and Bobbie Bradley of Evansville recently donated a number of music and school books to the Cooksville Archives and Collections. The books date from the 1840s to the 1890s and had been owned and used by Thomas Morgan (1824-1905} and his four children in Cooksville. The Morgan family lived across the street from the Cooksville Schoolhouse.

Morgan House (1848)

 Morgan, a native of Wales, a carpenter, came to Cooksville about 1847, married Mary Jane Hoxie, and then built his home across from the Schoolhouse. His wife’s brothers, Benjamin and Isaac Hoxie, were also both talented carpenters and may have helped Morgan to build the simple Greek Revival style house.

Tom Morgan, true to his Welsh tradition, considered himself quite a musician, performing and directing the Village Choir, according to a local villager at the time. He was well-known for bringing his small foot-pumped melodeon to the Schoolhouse for the musical portion of church services and for other events in the school, which at the time was the only public venue for social events and entertainments for adults and children.  (A little old melodeon, which may have belonged to Morgan, is also a part of the Cooksville collections.)

Thanks to Joe and Bobbie Bradley for their generous donation to the Historic Cooksville Trust and for helping to preserve and conserve Cooksville's history. Here are images of some of the books.

The Fourth Reader - 1883- title page

Prayerful Praises - 1892 - song book cover

The School Bell - 1857- title page

Morgan lived in his house until his death in 1905. Later, in 1932, the house was owned by the Naysmith family. Eventually, Helen Naysmith Toigo (1906-1989) married Frank Bradley (1914-1992). Frank’s son and daughter-in-law, Joe and Bobbie Bradley, had received the music and school books from Joe’s father.

An Elementary Grammar - 1869 - cover

The Song-Book of the School-Room - 1856 - title page

Progressive Exercises in English Composition - 1842 - title page

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Images from the Cooksvillle Archives

The historic Village of Cooksville has an extensive collection of photographs, biographies, newspaper clippings, books, genealogical information, paintings, pottery, furniture and other items. These comprise the Village's "Archives and Collections," begun informally more than a hundred years ago and maintained today by the Historic Cooksville Trust, Inc.

Here are some of the historic images from photographs, magazines, scrapbooks and other documents illustrating the Village's people, places and activities.

This early, fold-out, 3-dimensional Valentine's Day card is unsigned and undated, but is labeled "Printed in Germany" and "10."

A map from the 1830s  surveys, with the "Bad Fish River" (Sugar River), the Four Lakes, and the "Gooshkehawn" (Yahara) and Rock rivers. 

Tin-type of three unidentified men, perhaps from Cooksville.

The Chambers Store, the first in Cooksville, changes hands in 1846.

Chester Gilley (1873-1944), who lived just east of Cooksville, where the Gilley Farmhouse still stands.

Caledonia Springs Railroad Bridge to Cooksville, constructed in 1857. But soon became the bridge to nowhere when the RR never came to the village. Photograph from the 1950s.

Isaac Hoxie (1825-1903), born in Maine, came to Cooksville in 1846, operated a sash and blind (shutter) factory and a broom factory in the village, then founded the Stoughton Reporter and the Evansville Review newspapers in the 1860s and 1870s.

          St. Michael's Cemetery near Cooksville on Caledonia Road, next to the site of its church, which was demolished in 1948.

The fancy invitation  to the Cooksville Unity Society Supper and Ball in 1885 included the assurance of "Good Stabling for Teams" of horses, as well as supper and dancing, all for the price of $1.50.

Malvina ("Vie") Howard Campbell (1846-1922), born in Cooksville, was an active leader and lecturer in several movements in Wisconsin including the W,C.T.U., Wisconsin Woman's Suffrage Society, as well as in agriculture and horticulture issues.

A map of Cooksville (and Waucoma) in 1891.

A landscape by Leila Dow (1864-1930), Cooksville artist, teacher and co-founder of the Madison Art Guild.

The early Hoxie barn served several purposes including this blacksmith shop and, eventually, Dorothy and Arthur Kramers'  pottery studio until it burned down in 1956.

The Cooksville School Class of 1925.
 

A 1939 photograph: left to right, Tommy Osgood, Standley Naysmith, his son Jim, Dorothy Kramer, Arthur Kramer, and Vicki, at the Morgan House.

The Old Settlers Picnic at the Cooksville School, a newspaper clipping about 1945.

Some Cooksville School students,1947.

Cooksville School students in the one-room school: Class of 1952-53

Cooksville School's basement gym games, from the Class of 1953 Year Book.

Cooksville Community Center's First Dinner Meeting, May 6, 1962, which 90 people attended and where a school-house-decorated cake was auctioned off.

John Wilde (1919-2006), Cooksville, was a University of Wisconsin professor and "Magic Realist" artist, with his Wildeview II print, 1985.

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Cooksville Founded 180 Years Ago in 1840

The history of Cooksville began 180 years ago, on May 9, 1840, when its eponymous founder John Cook, from Ohio, first purchased 40 acres on America’s frontier in the new Wisconsin Territory (1836-1848).

Later, on June 22, 1840, records indicate he purchased an additional adjacent 120 acres, owning a total of 160 acres. The cost at the time was just $1.25 per acre.

Then, 180 years ago, John Cook with his brother, Daniel, and other fellow travelers set out for their new Wisconsin lands. Besides John and Daniel, the pioneering group included Daniel’s wife Elizabeth and daughter Rhoda; Mrs. Cook’s brother James Shurrum and his wife Hannah Courter; and Hannah’s sister Angeline Courter Johnson and her husband David Johnson and their three children.

The Cooks, Shurrums and Johnsons traveled in wagons, probably covered and pulled by yoked oxen, probably accompanied by a horse or two, probably with a cow or two, and, no doubt, with chickens. 

They were a typical family group migrating westward, traveling from Ohio to Wisconsin across prairies, over rivers, through oak openings and oak savannas, and typically following dirt trails made by government land surveyors, by soldiers, by early traders, and by Native Americans.

Union Stagecoach Inn and Tavern built c.1837

On June 25, 1840, the families arrived at the growing village of Union in Rock County, the midway stagecoach stop between Janesville and Madison and the only village in the area. Union already had a stagecoach inn and tavern and was a jumping off place for new settlers in the area.

According to a daughter of the Johnson’s, when the families arrived in Janesville there were several houses and one general store and only one house stood between Janesville and Union.  Besides the stagecoach inn, she observed only two houses in Union, which was the only settlement for many miles around,

Cook’s new lands lay three miles further to the east of Union. The Johnson family remained in Union, but the Cooks and the Shurrums traveled the three miles further east to Cook’s prairie land in the oak-openings along a fast-flowing, fish-filled creek. The creek originally was called “Waucoma” by the Native Americans, apparently named after an American Indian chief.  But the creek had also been re-named “Bad Fish” by surveyors and map-makers in the 1830s. (Maybe it had too many catfish in it, like the nearby Yahara or "Catfish Creek.")

When the Cooks and Shurrums arrived at their destination that day in 1840, they initially resided in their wagons and tents. Most likely, before winter set in, they built themselves a log cabin—the first dwelling in Cooksville—to shelter the families. They probably also built a log shelter for their animals ( barns for the animals were often built first). The log house reportedly was about 14 feet square without floors or doors or windows, probably with a crude earthen and stone fireplace on a dirt floor. A split log floor typically added later.

Typical log cabin in the area

It was reported that the families were bothered by howling prairie wolves and frequent deer foraging in their gardens.
 

Cooksville Saw Mill (1842-1910), painting by Leila Dow c.1900

The Cooks built a saw mill on the Bad Fish Creek in 1842, which provided sawn lumber for their new permanent house built in 1842. The house featured hand-hewn beams and some hand-split or riven lath to hold the plaster on the interior walls. The Cook House remains standing as the oldest house in Cooksville.

Also in 1842, the Cooks officially platted three blocks of a village they named “Cooksville.”  Located on the edge of their quarter-section of land, Cooks’ village plat included three blocks of six lots each, all on the west side of what became  the village’s “Main Street,” now State Highway 138.

Cook House c.1910

Apparently, John Cook married his wife, Nancy Ann, sometime after 1840.  Little, in fact, is known about John and Daniel Cook and their families, or about the Shurrums. The Cooks did not stay long in Wisconsin. By 1850, the Cooks had all gone further west, to West Union, Iowa. 

Cook House as Van Wormer's Groceries, c.1920

Cook House c.1930s

Of course, other migrants soon followed, settling in the southern part of the Wisconsin Territory. In fact, the population of Wisconsin jumped dramatically from about 3,000 in 1830 to 11,683 in 1836, and then to 305,391 in 1850 after becoming a state in 1848.  One by one, family by family, the early settlers arrived, lured by inexpensive land and great expectations.

Several other villages were planned and “platted” nearby in the area. They were named “Saratoga,” “Carramana,” “Van Buren,” and “Warsaw”— but the speculators’ lands mostly went unsold and those “paper villages” went unsettled.

Cook House as The Red Door Antique Shop, c.1960

In 1849, John Cook sold his holdings and moved west to West Union, Iowa, never to return. His pioneering brother Daniel would follow him in a year. There they operated a general store as well as the first hotel in town.

Cook House 

The Cooks left behind a very nice accomplishment: their name on the growing and lively little Village of Cooksville, which soon had  another village platted next to it in 1846 by the Porter brothers of Massachusetts: the Village of Waucoma. 

The two villages attracted new settlers, reaching a total population of about 175 persons, even after the expanding railroad companies by-passed the villages in the 1850s and ‘60s. 

The historic Village of Cooksville was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, with the NRHP listing expanded in 1980. The Cook families would be pleased.

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